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CHAPTER 2 - The Playing Field and Players: Anarchy, States, and Non-State Actors

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. As part of the “Arab Spring” of 2011, NATO intervened militarily in

a.	Iran.
b.	Iraq.
c.	Israel.
d.	Libya.
e.	Sudan.

ANS: D REF: 21 NOT: Factual

2. Which of the following is NOT a non-state actor?

a.	A country, such as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
b.	An intergovernmental organization such as the United Nations
c.	A multinational corporation, such as General Motors
d.	A non-governmental organization, such as Amnesty International
e.	A transnational advocacy network, such as Al-Qaeda

ANS: A REF: 22 NOT: Conceptual

3. If the Basque region of Spain were successful in declaring independence and starting their own country, they would be considered an example of a(n)

a.	intergovernmental organization.
b.	multinational corporation.
c.	nongovernmental organization.
d.	state.
e.	transnational advocacy network.

ANS: D REF: 22 NOT: Applied

4. Greenpeace allows individuals to join. That makes them an example of a(n)

a.	intergovernmental organization.
b.	multinational corporation.
c.	nongovernmental organization.
d.	state.
e.	transnational advocacy network.

ANS: C REF: 22 NOT: Applied

5. An unwritten rule or expectation of behavior is known as a(n)

a.	consulate.
b.	international actor.
c.	norm.
d.	regime.
e.	state.

ANS: C REF: 22 NOT: Factual

6. Anarchy in the international system means that

a.	most political issues are treated at the state level.
b.	a peaceful relationship between states is impossible.
c.	states must make as many allies as they possibly can.
d.	superpowers are free to do as they choose without concern for the consequences.
e.	there is no global police to make sure rules are followed.

ANS: E REF: 23 NOT: Conceptual

7. The mutual connections binding states to each other, also known as _______, explains why states do not always act in a purely self-interested manner.

a.	anarchy
b.	diplomatic immunity
c.	globalization
d.	interdependence
e.	responsible sovereignty

ANS: D REF: 23 NOT: Conceptual

8. When India gains access to short-range nuclear weapons, neighboring countries like Pakistan feel less safe. As a response, Pakistan might attempt to procure their own nuclear weapons making all of the countries in the region (including India) feel less safe. This is an example of

a.	anarchy.
b.	interdependence.
c.	the prisoners dilemma.
d.	the security dilemma.
e.	tragedy of the commons.

ANS: D REF: 24 NOT: Conceptual

9. A king divides his lands among his nobles thereby gaining their loyalty and support. Those nobles in turn would provide for peasants who would work the land. This is an example of

a.	authoritarianism.
b.	democracy.
c.	feudalism.
d.	monarchy.
e.	nationalism.

ANS: C REF: 25 NOT: Applied

10. The beginning of the state system in international relations is often dated to

a.	the cold war.
b.	the end of World War II.
c.	the fall of the Roman Empire.
d.	the industrial revolution.
e.	the Treaties of Westphalia.

ANS: E REF: 25 NOT: Factual

11. The most important foundation of the Westphalian System is

a.	the creation of empires.
b.	the invention of nuclear weapons.
c.	the rise of intergovernmental organizations.
d.	the sovereignty of states.
e.	the spread of democratic rule.

ANS: D REF: 26 NOT: Conceptual

12. The head of government

a.	ensures the government’s functioning on a day-to-day basis.
b.	officially represents a state in a foreign embassy.
c.	rules over landed aristocrats and peasants.
d.	serves only in a time of military crisis.
e.	symbolically represents the state and its people.

ANS: A REF: 26 NOT: Factual

13. One major difference between parliamentary and presidential systems is that

a.	in parliamentary systems the head of state and the head of government are different people and in presidential systems they are the same person.
b.	in parliamentary systems the leader must not be a member of parliament whereas in presidential systems the leader can be a member of the legislature.
c.	in parliamentary systems the legislature has more power whereas in presidential systems the executive has more power.
d.	in parliamentary systems the national government has centralized power and in presidential systems power is decentralized to regions or states.
e.	in parliamentary systems the people directly elect their leader and in presidential systems the leader is selected by the legislature.

ANS: A REF: 26 NOT: Conceptual

14. Which of the following is a condition necessary to be considered a state?

a.	A majority of its population comes from the same ethnic group.
b.	It has a military.
c.	It has its own currency.
d.	It is a member of the United Nations.
e.	Its government possesses sovereignty.

ANS: E REF: 26 NOT: Conceptual

15. Johan is a diplomat representing his country in a foreign capital. He receives several thousand dollars in parking fines that he claims he does not have to pay because of

a.	diplomatic immunity.
b.	extraterritoriality.
c.	freedom of speech.
d.	norms.
e.	sovereignty.

ANS: A REF: 27 NOT: Applied

16. A group of people who posses a collective identity that is a product of multiple factors is called a(n)

a.	commune.
b.	country.
c.	nation.
d.	norm.
e.	state.

ANS: C REF: 28 NOT: Factual

17. Japan, a geographically defined country that has both sovereignty and is largely composed of people who share a collective identity, is considered a(n)

a.	empire.
b.	monarchy.
c.	nation-state.
d.	plutocracy.
e.	transnational advocacy network.

ANS: C REF: 28 NOT: Applied

18. Kurds are an example of

a.	a nation concentrated within one state.
b.	a nation spread across multiple states with no state of their own.
c.	a nation spread across multiple states, at least one of which they control.
d.	a state within one dominant ethnic group.
e.	a state within several ethnic groups.

ANS: B REF: 28 NOT: Factual

19. The largest nationality in Afghanistan includes the

a.	Aimaks.
b.	Hazaras.
c.	Baloks.
d.	Pashtuns.
e.	Tajiks.

ANS: D REF: 30 NOT: Factual

20. According to the text, one of the most important factors that has made it difficult to establish a functioning state in Afghanistan is

a.	the lack of a warm water port with access to maritime trade.
b.	the lack of proper military training and nuclear weaponry.
c.	the presence of many different nationalities within the borders of the state.
d.	the presence of oil, which foreign nations covet.
e.	the shortage of educated members of the workforce.

ANS: C REF: 30 NOT: Conceptual

21. The colonization of other territories is known as

a.	communism.
b.	empire improvement.
c.	imperialism.
d.	mercantilism.
e.	nationalism.

ANS: C REF: 35 NOT: Factual

22. If a state selects its head of government through a free election, then it is considered a(n) ______ government.

a.	authoritarian
b.	democratic
c.	feudal
d.	monarchic
e.	communist

ANS: B REF: 35 NOT: Conceptual

23. The United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and France all give their citizens a meaningful say in the selection of their political leaders, so they are examples of

a.	authoritarian regimes.
b.	democracies.
c.	empires.
d.	fascist states.
e.	parliamentary states.

ANS: B REF: 35 NOT: Applied

24. Many scholars believe that a major cause of World War I was the intense feelings of patriotism and pride among newly-independent Balkan states and a newly-unified Germany. This is an example of

a.	imperialism.
b.	jingoism.
c.	militarism.
d.	nationalism.
e.	regime change.

ANS: D REF: 35 NOT: Applied

25. Nationalism is

a.	a form of empire in which the dominant power controls other territories.
b.	a political ideology that calls for worker revolution against capitalism.
c.	the emotional connection between the people and the state.
d.	the idea of “survival of the fittest” as applied to international relations.
e.	the presence of one dominant ethnic or religious group within the state.

ANS: C REF: 35 NOT: Factual

26. Which of the following systems allows citizens the most say over the political future of their country?

a.	Authoritarianism
b.	Democracy
c.	Feudalism
d.	Monarchy
e.	Nationalism

ANS: B REF: 35 NOT: Conceptual

27. The first communist leader of Russia, who appealed to Russian nationalism in creating the Soviet Union was

a.	Gorbachev.
b.	Lenin.
c.	Marx.
d.	Putin.
e.	Stalin.

ANS: B REF: 36 NOT: Factual

28. Which of the following represents the most extreme form of nationalism?

a.	Communism
b.	Democracy
c.	Fascism
d.	Imperialism
e.	Patriotism

ANS: C REF: 36 NOT: Conceptual

29. The United States and its allies engaged with the Soviet Union and its allies in a decades-long period of intense rivalry and competition known as

a.	détente.
b.	Nuclear Winter.
c.	the Cold War.
d.	the Vietnam War.
e.	World War II.

ANS: C REF: 37 NOT: Factual

30. During the Cold War, military conflict between the two main superpowers and their client states erupted in all of the following areas except

a.	Afghanistan.
b.	China.
c.	Korea.
d.	the Middle East.
e.	Vietnam.

ANS: B REF: 37 NOT: Factual

31. Two rival nations build up massive arsenals of weapons and establish huge armies in an effort to ensure that they could completely destroy the other if they needed to. This is an example of

a.	a cold war.
b.	genocide.
c.	globalization.
d.	Mutual Assured Destruction.
e.	the security dilemma.

ANS: D REF: 38 NOT: Applied

32. One important reason the textbook gives for the fall of the Soviet Union is

a.	a baby boom in the Soviet Union brought a new generation to power.
b.	a collapse in the international oil market crippled the Soviet Union’s main source of income.
c.	negotiations in the United Nations Security Council convinced the Soviet Union to democratize.
d.	the Soviet economy collapsed under the burden of military spending.
e.	the United States successfully defeated the Soviet armies in combat in the 1980s.

ANS: D REF: 38 NOT: Conceptual

33. The major difference between the Westphalian and Neo-Westphalian systems is

a.	non-state actors increased in importance in the Neo-Westphalian system.
b.	states were more able to overcome external constraints in the Neo-Westphalian system.
c.	the creation of the United Nations at the beginning of the Neo-Westphalian system changed what states can accomplish.
d.	the formation of new regimes have bolstered the power of states in interstate interactions.
e.	the invention of nuclear weapons gave more power to states in the Neo-Westphalian system.

ANS: A REF: 38 NOT: Conceptual

34. In the past twenty years, wars between states have _______, while internal conflicts within states have ______.

a.	become less common; become more common
b.	become more common; become less common
c.	become more common; occurred at the same frequency
d.	occurred at the same frequency; become less common
e.	occurred at the same frequency; occurred at the same frequency

ANS: A REF: 38 NOT: Factual

35. All of the following are important features of the Neo-Westphalian system except

a.	the comparative rise of non-state actors.
b.	the phenomenon of globalization.
c.	the principle of responsible sovereignty.
d.	the relative weakening of states.
e.	the rise in interstate conflict.

ANS: E REF: 38 NOT: Conceptual

36. Apple, ExxonMobil, Ford, Honda, and Samsung are examples of

a.	civil society organizations.
b.	comparative advantage facilitators.
c.	intergovernmental organizations.
d.	multinational corporations.
e.	transnational advocacy networks.

ANS: D REF: 38 NOT: Applied

37. The most prominent international organization in the past sixty years has been

a.	the International Monetary Fund.
b.	the League of Nations.
c.	the United Nations.
d.	the Warsaw Pact.
e.	the World Trade Organization.

ANS: C REF: 39 NOT: Conceptual

38. The plenary body of the United Nations in which all members nations have a seat and power to recommend actions to UN members is the

a.	Economic and Social Council.
b.	General Assembly.
c.	International Court of Justice.
d.	Secretariat.
e.	Security Council.

ANS: B REF: 39 NOT: Factual

39. A substantive issue comes before the Security Council that China disapproves. As a permanent member, China can

a.	abstain from discussion in the hopes that it will be removed from the agenda.
b.	ask other permanent members for a private vote.
c.	filibuster the issue until the end of session.
d.	try to turn it into a procedural issue.
e.	veto the issue, ensuring that no action is taken.

ANS: E REF: 39 NOT: Applied

40. The permanent staff of civil servants that serve the United Nations are part of the

a.	Economic and Social Council.
b.	General Assembly.
c.	International Court of Justice.
d.	Secretariat.
e.	Security Council.

ANS: D REF: 39 NOT: Factual

41. The current Secretary-General of the United Nations is

a.	Ban Ki-moon.
b.	Bill Clinton.
c.	Boutros Boutros-Ghali.
d.	Kofi Annan.
e.	Tony Blair.

ANS: A REF: 39 NOT: Factual

42. The gross domestic product measures the total amount of

a.	agricultural output of a state.
b.	goods and services exported by a state.
c.	goods and services produced in a state.
d.	income earned by citizens of a state.
e.	products created by a state.

ANS: C REF: 41 NOT: Factual

43. According to the textbook, one advantage that NGOs have over states is

a.	they are smaller and can work unseen by the media.
b.	they can raise money from individual donors.
c.	they have been sanctioned by the United Nations.
d.	they only have to deal with transnational issues.
e.	they work with states that might otherwise not accept aid.

ANS: E REF: 42 NOT: Conceptual

44. Saudi Arabia invests government revenue into foreign stocks, bonds, and precious metals. This is an example of a

a.	gross domestic product.
b.	multinational corporation.
c.	nongovernmental organization.
d.	sovereign wealth fund.
e.	transnational advocacy network.

ANS: D REF: 42 NOT: Applied

45. Al-Qaeda is an example of a(n)

a.	international governmental organization.
b.	multinational corporation.
c.	transnational corporation.
d.	sovereign wealth fund.
e.	transnational advocacy network.

ANS: E REF: 43 NOT: Applied

46. All of the following are means by which the world has become globalized except

a.	authoritarian.
b.	cultural.
c.	economic.
d.	political.
e.	technological.

ANS: A REF: 44 NOT: Conceptual

47. The increasing interdependence and integration of people and states is called

a.	globalization.
b.	one world governance.
c.	responsible sovereignty.
d.	transnational advocacy networking.
e.	Westphalian sovereignty.

ANS: A REF: 44 NOT: Factual

48. McDonald’s now has more foreign franchises than it does American ones. This is a good example of

a.	extranational growth theory.
b.	globalization.
c.	modernization theory.
d.	responsible sovereignty.
e.	transnational advocacy networking.

ANS: B REF: 44 NOT: Applied

49. According to the textbook, one major development that has spurred economic globalization is

a.	increasing average life expectancies.
b.	larger tariffs between states.
c.	more member states in the United Nations.
d.	speedier transportation of goods.
e.	the adoption of the Euro currency by the World Bank.

ANS: D REF: 44 NOT: Conceptual

50. Technological innovations like television and the Internet have ______ Westphalian concepts like borders and sovereignty.

a.	heightened
b.	highlighted
c.	reinforced
d.	replaced
e.	undermined

ANS: E REF: 45 NOT: Conceptual

51. In the Neo-Westphalian world, regional and tribal identities are ______

a.	as important as they were in the Westphalian system.
b.	declining as they had in the Westphalian system.
c.	less important than they were in the Westphalian system.
d.	more important than they were in the Westphalian system.
e.	nonexistent, much as they were in the Westphalian system.

ANS: D REF: 46 NOT: Conceptual

52. Chechen suicide bombers in Russia and Tutsi militias in Rwanda demonstrate

a.	the continued power of the state in the Neo-Westphalian system.
b.	the decreasing value of religious identities in the secular Neo-Westphalian system.
c.	the dominant role of transnational advocacy networks in the Neo-Westphalian system.
d.	the lack of universal notions of human rights in the Neo-Westphalian system.
e.	the renewed importance of tribal and regional identity in the Neo-Westphalian system.

ANS: E REF: 46 NOT: Conceptual

53. The organization that countries turn to in an effort to stop runs on their currency is called the

a.	International Monetary Fund.
b.	North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
c.	United Nations.
d.	World Bank.
e.	World Trade Organization.

ANS: A REF: 47 NOT: Factual

54. One reason why there is often widespread domestic opposition when countries ask the International Monetary Fund for assistance is because

a.	of the strict conditions attached by the IMF to the loans.
b.	no one knows whether the IMF will still exist in five or ten years.
c.	the IMF charges very high interest rates on loans.
d.	the IMF does not allow countries to raise private money.
e.	there is not usually sufficient time allowed to pay back the loans.

ANS: A REF: 47 NOT: Conceptual

55. In 1994, over 800,000 ethnic Tutsi were killed in Rwanda in a case of

a.	anarchy.
b.	genocide.
c.	globalization.
d.	humanitarian intervention.
e.	terrorism.

ANS: B REF: 48 NOT: Applied

56. Despite internal unrest and civil war, a country believes that no other states should have the right to intervene. This is an example of

a.	diplomatic immunity.
b.	humanitarian intervention.
c.	responsible sovereignty.
d.	right to protect.
e.	Westphalian sovereignty.

ANS: E REF: 48 NOT: Applied

57. UN Security Council Resolution 688, authorizing UN members to enter Iraq to protect Iraqi citizens is an example of

a.	globalization.
b.	humanitarian intervention.
c.	nationalism.
d.	the security dilemma.
e.	Westphalian sovereignty.

ANS: B REF: 48 NOT: Applied

58. A form of violence in which one ethnic group attempts to destroy or relocate another ethnic group is known as ethnic

a.	cleansing.
b.	dilution.
c.	expunging.
d.	murder.
e.	purification.

ANS: A REF: 48 NOT: Factual

59. Nazi Germany’s treatment of Jews, Roma, homosexuals and other persecuted groups during the Holocaust undermined which important piece of the Westphalian system?

a.	Globalization
b.	The central role of states
c.	The importance of international governmental organizations
d.	The security dilemma
e.	Westphalian sovereignty

ANS: E REF: 48 NOT: Conceptual

60. The treaty that specifies that those with nuclear weapons will not share them with others and those without weapons will not try and procure them is called the

a.	Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
b.	Geneva Accords.
c.	Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
d.	Treaty of Westphalia.
e.	Weapons of Mass Destruction Treaty.

ANS: C REF: 49 NOT: Factual

ESSAY

1. What are some of the constraints that prevent a superpower from doing whatever they would like without fear of consequence?

ANS: